台湾廉政反贪研究的议题、特色与展望

廉政反贪研究是近年来台湾地区公共管理研究者高度重视的议题之一,也有相当丰硕的成果。整体而言,台湾廉政反贪研究呈现出掌握全球发展脉动、解决本地问题的研究导向、跨学科的观察视角、验证导向的调查研究、研究层级对象层面广等特色。然而在研究方法、内容或是对象上,仍有值得进一步拓展的空间。     

Lustration in poland and the former czechoslovakia: a study in decommunization

This article examines the process of decommunization in Poland and the former Czechoslovakia as it impacted opportunity for public services employment in elected or civil service offices. In each setting we describe the motivations expressed for and against lustration in the public service, explain the patterns of decommunization in each country and consider these events from legal, ethical and political points of view.     

Fuzuo,Wu. Energy and Climate Policies in China and India: A Two-Level Comparative Study

Journal of Chinese Political Science -     

THE DOG THAT DIDN'T BARK: HOW PUBLIC MANAGERS HANDLE ENVIRONMENTAL SHOCKS

Do negative budgetary shocks reduce performance in public organizations? If so, by how much and in terms of which criteria? Are public managers able to make internal management choices to limit or eliminate the effects of such shocks? These questions are investigated in a set of hundreds of organizations over an 8‐year period. For the most part, budgetary shocks of 10 per cent or more have only limited or no negative impacts on performance in the short term. The most salient policy objective and production for more disadvantaged clientele are especially insulated from shocks. Decisions about internal resource allocation and personnel management can be shown to protect core production while sacrificing more peripheral activities and capital investment. Questions that remain to be investigated include whether short‐term protection comes at the expense of some longer‐term losses, and—ironically—whether effective management under such circumstances weakens over time the political case for adequate budgets.     

Education and support for representative,direct and stealth democracy

Using data collected within the scope of a Dutch internet panel survey (LISS) in 2011, this study tracks public support for direct, stealth and representative democracy according to educational level. Our findings indicate that, in terms of overall support for each specific type of democracy, lower educated citizens are significantly more supportive of stealth and direct democracy than highly educated citizens. While the mean levels of support for representative democracy do not differ significantly between levels of education, multivariate OLS regression analyses show that lower educated citizens are noticeably more supportive of representative democracy once political efficacy, trust and satisfaction are introduced. When contrasting the different types of democracy directly with one another, we find that lower educated citizens have a greater tendency to prefer direct and (to a lesser extent) stealth democracy over representative democracy than higher educated citizens. Multivariate OLS regression analyses indicate that most of these educational gaps cease to be significant once the lower levels of political efficacy, trust and satisfaction of lower educated citizens are taken into account. Implications of these results for the debate on the functioning of democracy are discussed.     

中国干部管理体制减少了地方政府教育支出吗?——来自省级官员的证据

主要分析了中国的干部管理体制对于地方政府教育支出的影响。文献通常认为,由于教育对官员晋升没有直接帮助,干部管理体制下的地方官员会忽视教育支出,却未提供严格经验证据。本文基于1995—2008年的省级数据发现,省长的任期和常务副省长的年龄与教育支出比重负相关;中央的任命、轮转和兼职等集权措施也使得来自中央的省委书记和省长的教育支出高于他人;来自本地的书记和省长的教育支出低于他人;我们没有发现干部管理体制减少教育支出的证据。这些结果表明,干部管理体制总体上有利于增加教育支出。主要原因在于,中央政府通过法律法规强调了教育的重要性,并限制了地方在教育支出上的自主权,从而改变了地方官员固有的忽视教育的偏好,使得他们重视教育。本文还显示,省级官员尤其是省长有能力干涉地方的财政支出过程。     

Conditional effect of economic development on democracy – the relevance of the state

This article investigates how the economic role of the state shapes the relationship between economic development and democracy. We argue that the state is not passively under the influence of socio-economic development as assumed in extant empirical studies. Through participating in economic production, the state is able to mitigate positive effect of economic development on politics through shaping the strength and preference of both the state and the societal forces in a way unfavourable for democracy. We thus model the state's economic engagement as a moderator variable to capture the variation in the effect of economic development on regime transition. Empirical analyses consistently show that state engagement attenuates the positive effect of development on probability of democratic transition. And economic development benefits democracy only when the level of state engagement in the economy is relatively low.     

食品安全监管的城乡二元分割研究

近年来,随着我国经济体制转型与社会体制转轨,受城乡二元经济体制传统的影响,食品安全监管的城乡二元分割日益凸显。因此,应当通过加强农村食品安全法律制度实施,明确监管部门职责分工并集中监管权力,加大保障资源供给,提升社会动员,改变我国食品安全监管的城乡二元分割现状,进一步提高食品安全监管的整体水平和效果。     

民主：共产党的生命

能否正确认识和处理共产党与民主的关系不仅是意义重大的理论问题，还是决定共产党能否完成历史使命的重大实践问题。在共产党历史上，对于两者的关系，有的认识清晰却缺乏一贯性，有的认识模糊，有的认识片面、偏颇；而且，共产党的民主实践在发展民主具体形式方面也做得不够。民主是共产党历史使命的题中应有之义，民主是共产党的组织基础和活动原则，民主是共产党完成历史使命的形式。